中西医结合治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎72例临床观察

目的:观察儿茶联合呋塞米、盐酸异丙嗪治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的临床疗效。方法:选择144例轮状病毒性肠炎患儿,按照随机抽样法分成观察组和对照组各72例。2组均给予常规西药抗病毒、补液及对症支持疗法,对照组在此基础上口服思密达,观察组口服中药儿茶、静脉注射呋塞米及盐酸异丙嗪,3 d后观察2组治疗前后主要症状(腹泻呕吐次数、大便性状、发热、脱水程度、心率等)、血常规、血生化指标、大便轮状病毒抗原的变化。结果:观察组临床症状及体征恢复时间较对照组明显缩短,经统计学处理,差异有统计意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);观察组与对照组总有效率分别为88.9%和83.3%,差异有高度统计意义(P<0.05)。结论:在运用西药的基础上加用儿茶、呋塞米、盐酸异丙嗪治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎能起到清热利湿的作用,明显缩短病程,并有改善肠外症状的作用,疗效显著。     

槟榔南瓜子合剂对猪带绦虫作用的超微结构观察

目的　研究槟榔南瓜子合剂对猪带绦虫的杀虫机理。　方法　猪带绦虫患者 ,晨空腹口服熟的、研成粉末的南瓜子仁 10 0 g,30 min后服用槟榔煎剂 (10 0 g,加水 5 0 0 ml,煎煮 ) ,30 min后服用 5 0 %的硫酸镁 6 0 ml。驱出的猪带绦虫活虫 ,以 0 .2 mol/ L,p H7.2 PBS冲洗 3次 ,2 .5 %戊二醛固定 2 4 h以上。分别取幼节、成节、孕节各两节 ,每节取 2小块 ,修成 1mm3,置 2 .5 %戊二醛中备用。另取犬肠道内的豆状带绦虫 (Taenia pisiformis)及患者驱虫前自动排出的新鲜孕节片 (3节 )作对照。将上述虫块取出 ,PBS冲洗 3次后 ,1%四氧化锇后固定 4 h,冲洗 3次 ,梯度酒精脱水 ,环氧树脂 6 18浸透、包埋 ,超薄切片 ,厚 5 0～ 70 nm,经醋酸铀和枸橼酸铅双重染色 ,透射电镜观察。　结果　槟榔南瓜子合剂驱出的猪带绦虫的超微结构与正常对照组基本相同。(1)皮层无损伤。远端胞质区表面的微毛完整 ,胞质区内的囊泡、线粒体、内质网等细胞器无肿胀 ;核周胞质无变性、无细胞器减少或出现大量囊泡 ;(2 )实质无变化。实质浅层的环肌束和纵肌束排列整齐 ,无肌纤维断裂和线粒体肿胀。实质深层的实质细胞和支持细胞结构正常。　结论　槟榔南瓜子合剂对猪带绦虫的驱虫机理主要是麻痹作用 ,对神经无损伤。与阿苯达唑对猪带绦虫的     

Anti-anxiety activity of successive extracts of angelica archangelica linn.on the elevated t-maze and forced swimming tests in rats

OBJECTIVE:Angelica archangelica Linn.is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety.We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A.archangelica linn.(SAE) on rats tested in the elevated T-maze test(an animal model of generalized anxiety) at doses that exhibit antidepressant-like activity in humans.METHODS:A.archangelica(1 kg) was subjected to successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with solvents [petroleum ether(40-60℃),chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol and decoction with water] in order of increasing polarity(yield:6.9%,7.3%,5.1%,11.88% and 8.2% w/w,respectively).SAE were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats.RESULTS:Oral dosing of diazepam(1 mg/kg) and extracts(50,100 and 200 mg/kg) clearly showed an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated T-maze test:it increased one-way escape and decreased inhibitory avoidance on the first,third and seventh day.In the forced swimming test,imipramine and SAE showed antidepressant-and anxiolytic-like effects as reflected by increased climbing time,swimming time and decreased immobility time on the first,third and seventh day.Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the most,petroleum ether(40-60℃) and chloroform intermediate,and ethyl acetate the least anxiolytic activity(*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P< 0.001) in both models.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest the anti-anxiety activity of various extracts of A.archangelica and strongly justify its use in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of anxiety.     

Chewing of Betel,Areca and Tobacco: Perceptions and Knowledge Regarding their Role in Head and Neck Cancers in an Urban Squatter Settlement in Pakistan

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is highly associated with specific subtypes of malignant lymphoma. In our ‍previous report on nodal malignant lymphoma in Thailand, we found that 64% of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma ‍(cHL), 51% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, T-cell (NHL-T), and 13% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, B-cell (NHL-B) ‍were EBV-related. In the present research, we conducted a retrospective study of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s ‍lymphoma of the sinonasal tract (e-NHL-ST) and primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the nasopharynx ‍(e-NHL-NP) in Southern Thailand, between 1997 and 2004. EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) expression by in situ ‍hybridization was performed in all cases and a T-cell receptor (TCR)-g gene rearrangement study was performed in ‍NHL-T cases. There were 18 cases of e-NHL-ST and 42 cases of e-NHL-NP detected by histologic and ‍immunohistochemistry examinations. The percentages of e-NHL-ST and e-NHL-NP as compared to nodal malignant ‍lymphoma were 3.7% and 6.8%, respectively. Sixteen cases (88.9%) of e-NHL-ST and 7 cases (16.7%) of e-NHL-NP ‍were NHL-T, and the remainder were NHL-B. All of the NHL-T cases in both sites were EBER-positive. Two (5.4%) ‍of the NHL-B cases in the nasopharynx showed EBER positive. Monoclonal bands of the TCR-ã gene were detected ‍in 71.4% of the extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas, nasal type, patients; 50.0% of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, ‍unspecified, patients; and one case of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. This study indicates a very strong ‍association of NHL-T in the sinonasal tract or nasopharynx with EBV infection, the link apparently being weaker in ‍NHL-B patients. The study also indicates that most cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, are not the ‍germline configuration of the TCR genes.     

光叶番荔枝中二萜类化合物对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721生长的抑制

目的研究光叶番荔枝中二萜类化合物对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721生长的抑制作用。方法以四唑盐比色试验(MTT)法检测二萜类化合物对SMMC-7721细胞生长的抑制率,用相差倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化,用流式细胞术检测细胞周期、凋亡率及多药耐药基因1(MDR1)的表达水平。结果5～25／2M的二萜类化合物对SMMC-7721细胞有较强的抑制作用,与浓度呈线性相关,并呈时间依赖性,72h半数抑制浓度(IC50)为19．41／2M,20／2M的药物作用于SMMC-7721细胞48h,流式细胞术检测细胞周期阻滞于G0～G1期,细胞凋亡率为24．95％;在相差倒置显微镜下观察到细胞凋亡的特征形态改变,MDR1表达明显下调,且随药物浓度的增加MDR1表达水平逐渐下降。结论光叶番荔枝中二萜类化合物对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721有显著的抑制作用,可诱导癌细胞凋亡,明显下调MDR1的表达,具有逆转多药耐药性的作用。     

Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among areca nut chewers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Worldwide millions peoples consume AN who are at risk of OSMF. Prevalence of OSMF is reported between 0.03% and 30% irrespective of AN habit. Further, these estimates are based on sample population comprised of OSMF patients or general population rather AN chewers (ANC). Therefore, available evidence does not reflect the true prevalence of OSMF among ANC. Method: The studies providing the prevalence of OSMF in ANC were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Pooled prevalence and quality assessment using New-Ottawa Scale were performed. Results: Fifteen studies reported the prevalence of OSMF (929) in ANC (53,213). Most studies were from China (six studies) and India (four studies) correlating with regions having high ANC. The pooled prevalence of OSMF in ANC was 5% (0.05 [95% CI, 0.03, 0.08]). All studies' quality was satisfactory; however, the OSMF diagnosis method, age, gender, and habits need further scrutiny. Conclusion: Available evidence suggested a low prevalence of OSMF in ANC, although further large-scale studies are recommended to validate this finding. Understanding the prevalence and distribution patterns of OSMF might aid intervention healthcare programs and contribute to the reduction of the oral cancer burden related to OSMF.